Activation of integrins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of eukaryotic cells promotes the formation of membrane adhesion complexes, known as focal adhesions, which can include cytoskeletal proteins and protein tyrosine kinases, such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Phosphorylation events occurring within focal adhesions influence numerous processes that include mitogenic signaling, cell survival, and cell motility. FAK is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved between species. FAK is recruited by Integrin clusters and variably phosphorylated depending on the effector molecules present in the focal adhesion. Phosphorylation of FAK Tyr 397 decreases during serum starvation, contact inhibition, and cell cycle arrest, all conditions under which activating FAK Tyr 407 phosphorylation increases.
背景文献
1. Kuo SW et al. Regulation of the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells by mechanical and stereo-topographical cues provided by silicon nanowires. Biomaterials 33:5013-22 (2012).
2. Lu H et al. IGFBP2/FAK pathway is causally associated with dasatinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 12:2864-73 (2013).
序列相似性
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. FAK subfamily.
组织特异性
Detected in B and T-lymphocytes. Isoform 1 and isoform 6 are detected in lung fibroblasts (at protein level). Ubiquitous. Expressed in epithelial cells (at protein level).
翻译后修饰
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon activation, e.g. upon integrin signaling. Tyr-397 is the major autophosphorylation site, but other kinases can also phosphorylate this residue. Phosphorylation at Tyr-397 promotes interaction with SRC and SRC family members, leading to phosphorylation at Tyr-576, Tyr-577 and at additional tyrosine residues. FGR promotes phosphorylation at Tyr-397 and Tyr-576. FER promotes phosphorylation at Tyr-577, Tyr-861 and Tyr-925, even when cells are not adherent. Tyr-397, Tyr-576 and Ser-722 are phosphorylated only when cells are adherent. Phosphorylation at Tyr-397 is important for interaction with BMX, PIK3R1 and SHC1. Phosphorylation at Tyr-925 is important for interaction with GRB2. Dephosphorylated by PTPN11; PTPN11 is recruited to PTK2 via EPHA2 (tyrosine phosphorylated). Microtubule-induced dephosphorylation at Tyr-397 is crucial for the induction of focal adhesion disassembly; this dephosphorylation could be catalyzed by PTPN11 and regulated by ZFYVE21. Phosphorylation on tyrosine residues is enhanced by NTN1 (By similarity).; Sumoylated; this enhances autophosphorylation.
Western blot analysis of Phospho-FAK (Y397) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/500 dilution.
Lane 1: Hela cell lysate Lane 2: PC-3 cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 10 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 119 kDa Observed band size: 119 kDa
Exposure time: 2 minutes;
6% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/500 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1:300,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Western blot analysis of Phospho-FAK (Y397) on Hela cell lysates.
Lane 1: Hela cells, whole cell lysate, 10ug/lane Lane 2: Hela cells treated with 2.8ug/ul lambda-PP for 30 minutes, whole cell lysates, 10ug/lane
All lanes : Anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1:500 dilution. Anti-Hsp90 antibody (ET1605-56) at 1:10,000 dilution. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (HA1001) at 1/200,000 dilution.
Predicted band size: 119 kDa Observed band size: 119 kDa
Blocking and diluting buffer: 5% BSA.
Exposure time: 30 seconds
Immunocytochemistry analysis of NIH/3T3 cells labeling Phospho-FAK (Y397) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/50 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/50 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (HA601187, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of C6 cells labeling Phospho-FAK (Y397) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/100 dilution.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/100 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Beta tubulin (HA601187, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1126) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
ICC staining of Phospho-FAK (Y397) in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-34, 1/50) for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS. Alexa Fluor®488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-FAK (Y397) antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/200 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1610-34) at 1/200 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
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